Chloroform Fraction of <i>Panax Ginseng</i> Extract Enhances Zip4-Mediated Zinc Influx into the Cytosol

Zinc is an essential nutrient with important biological functions, and its deficiency can lead to several diseases. The zinc transporter families, ZIP ZNT, play roles in regulating homeostasis dynamics the body cells. Specifically, ZIP4 primary responsible for absorption small intestine. Previous studies have shown that Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) extract promote mouse Zip4 expression, ginsenosides, including Rc Re, enhance uptake. However, effects of other metabolites present P. remain unclear. Therefore, we fractionated using chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol, evaluated effect each fraction on uptake Hepa Hepa/MRE-Luc cells stably expressed luciferase under promoter metal-responsive elements. Luciferase activity assays demonstrated chloroform (F1), acetate (F2), alcohol (F3) fractions increased cellular In particular, F1 was found induce mRNA protein expressions, which significantly enhanced Ginsenosides were mainly F2 F3 fractions, indicating than ginsenosides would by inducing expressions. Our study offers novel insights into molecular mechanisms underlying ginseng.